Intermittent diphenhydramine, doxylamine, or promethazine exposure has not established a major-malformation pattern, but chronic use adds anticholinergic, tolerance, sedation, delivery, infant-sedation, and possible milk-supply concerns.
- Public-source certainty descriptor
- low-to-moderate for no large malformation effect; not GRADE
- Formal appraisal
- Not started — full text and independent appraisal pending
- Exposure window
- pregnancy, delivery, and lactation
- Comparator
- exposed versus background
No reliable quantitative estimate.
Evidence often comes from antiemetic/allergy use rather than chronic insomnia; product and dose vary.
Sources, citation controls, and verification state
Linked sources
- class evidence synthesisEXT-033 · Not formally appraised
- PMID
- Not populated in v0.95
- DOI
- Pending DOI verification
- Exact locator
- Pending exact table/figure/page/supplement locator
- Access date
- 2026-07-29
- Integrity check
- Same-day source surveillance recorded; source-by-source correction/retraction verification remains pending
- Internal verification
- Source-linked; independent external verification pending